Eating restores HP and is how you prepare for hard fights. Better food can also raise attack and defense for a while.
Left click something edible in your inventory. If it can be eaten, Eat appears. After you eat, an eating box on the right shows the effects and how long they last.
Humans and machines eat different things. Plan expeditions around the body you are wearing.
Some strong consumables can addict you. Addiction gives negative effects until it wears off or you consume more of the same thing. There are 4 addiction levels. A level 4 addiction can kill a body. See Gameplay Mechanics for what to do when you are addicted.